Poor management practices are influential drives of rangeland degradation across the world. Overgrazing, wildfire, and introduction and establishment of invasive species are causing changes in ecosystem structure and forage composition. But, with increased modernization, globalization, and population growth, there is a growing need for agricultural land, infrastructure, urban development, mining, logging, and water development and as such, these are now considered the main threats to habitats across the world. Overgrazing and drought have been identified and studied as the more conventional causes of degradation in rangelands. Urban development and wild fires are the greatest threats to Mediterranean rangelands based on citizen perception. But, there is little information regarding how these more modern social, ecological and economic factors (socio-ecological hereafter) are cumulatively affecting habitat quality and the supply of ecosystem services and goods in historically grazed rangeland.

• Land use change
• Burnning, pests, and diseases in range plants
• Invasive plants in rangelands
• Mining, climate change, soil erosions
• Social and manegeral factors afecting range degradation
• Academic educations and range science
• Risk and crisis in rangeland management